An overview of UNP

A brief introduction to the Universal Naming Protocol (UNP) is presented. UNP specifies a generic attribute-based name server upon which a variety of high-level naming services, including white- and yellow-page services, can be built

EMASS (trademark): An expandable solution for NASA space data storage needs

The data acquisition, distribution, processing, and archiving requirements of NASA and other U.S. Government data centers present significant data management challenges that must be met in the 1990's. The Earth Observing System (EOS) project alone is expected to generate daily data volumes greater than 2 Terabytes (2 x 10(exp 12) Bytes). As the scientific community makes use of this data, their work will result in larger, increasingly complex data sets to be further exploited and managed. The challenge for data storage systems is to satisfy the initial data management requirements with cost effective solutions that provide for planned growth. The expendable architecture of the E-Systems Modular Automated Storage System (EMASS(TM)), a mass storage system which is designed to support NASA's data capture, storage, distribution, and management requirements into the 21st century is described

Accessing files in an Internet: The Jade file system

Jade is a new distribution file system that provides a uniform way to name and access files in an internet environment. It makes two important contributions. First, Jade is a logical system that integrates a heterogeneous collection of existing file systems, where heterogeneous means that the underlying file systems support different file access protocols. Jade is designed under the restriction that the underlying file system may not be modified. Second, rather than providing a global name space, Jade permits each user to define a private name space. These private name spaces support two novel features: they allow multiple file systems to be mounted under one directory, and they allow one logical name space to mount other logical name spaces. A prototype of the Jade File System was implemented on Sun Workstations running Unix. It consists of interfaces to the Unix file system, the Sun Network File System, the Andrew File System, and FTP. This paper motivates Jade's design, highlights several aspects of its implementation, and illustrates applications that can take advantage of its features

EMASS (tm): An expandable solution for NASA space data storage needs

The data acquisition, distribution, processing, and archiving requirements of NASA and other U.S. Government data centers present significant data management challenges that must be met in the 1990's. The Earth Observing System (EOS) project alone is expected to generate daily data volumes greater than 2 Terabytes (2(10)(exp 12) Bytes). As the scientific community makes use of this data their work product will result in larger, increasingly complex data sets to be further exploited and managed. The challenge for data storage systems is to satisfy the initial data management requirements with cost effective solutions that provide for planned growth. This paper describes the expandable architecture of the E-Systems Modular Automated Storage System (EMASS (TM)), a mass storage system which is designed to support NASA's data capture, storage, distribution, and management requirements into the 21st century

Biochemistry of Transglutaminases and Cross-Linking in the Skin

Transglutaminase is a calcium-dependent enzyme found widely in nature. It catalyzes the formation of α-(γ-glutamyl)lysine bonds that participate in processes varying from fibrin clot formation to epidermal cell envelope formation. Epidermal transglutaminase is localized to the granular layer of the epidermis. It catalyzes the covalent cross-linking of a soluble cytoplasmic substrate into large polymers to form the cornified envelope that lines the inner membrane of keratinocytes in the stratum corneum, The soluble precursor from epidermis has been named keratolinin, and from keratinocyte culture, it has been named involucrin. Hair follicle transglutaminase is biochemically and immunochemically distinct from its epidermal counters part. It has been localized to the inner root sheath and medulla of the hair follicle, The substrate of hair follicle transglutaminase has been poorly defined but appears to be rich in the amino acid citrulline, Transglutaminase has been shown to be an important marker of normal differentiation. There is a rise in its activity at the time of keratinization, and transglutaminase activity has been shown to be greatly decreased in basal cell epithelioma and in psoriasis. Keratinocyte cell culture has proven most helpful in delineating the processes of normal differentiation and keratinization, since the formation of the cell envelope in culture appears to parallel the formation in vivo

Effects of Corn Crop Residue Grazing on Soil Physical Properties and Subsequent Soybean Production in a Corn–Soybean Crop Rotation (A Progress Report)

Beginning in 1999, two locations in Iowa (Chariton, Atlantic) were used to study the effects of corn residue grazing by beef cows on soil characteristics and soybean yields the following growing season. Cows were allowed to graze inside selected paddocks at monthly periods throughout the fall and winter. For a grazed and ungrazed comparison, grazing exclosures were used inside the grazed paddocks, while one paddock was left ungrazed for a control. Also, the following year, equal portions of the fields went to no-tillage and disked soil prior to soybean planting so that effects of corn residue grazing on tillage treatments could be compared. The use of this design was to determine whether grazing had adverse effects on soil characteristics and, if so, at what date and weather conditions they occurred. Soil was analyzed for soil bulk density, moisture, penetration resistance, roughness, texture, and type. Corn crop residues were collected for yield, cover, and composition. Precipitation and soil temperature also were recorded throughout the grazing season. The following year, soybeans were harvested using a combine equipped with a yield monitor and global positioning system (GPS). After two years of study at both locations, some grazing fields with corn crop residue have shown effects on soil and crop residue characteristics. Organic matter (OM) yield of crop residue generally decreases at the faster rate in grazed fields than organic matter of ungrazed fields. However, corn crop residue composition was the same in grazed and ungrazed fields except for the 1999-2000 season at Chariton where crude protein decreased but acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) increased with no difference in fiber content between grazed and ungrazed paddocks. Corn crop residue cover and soil roughness both can be greatly affected by the interaction of grazing and weather conditions. When the temperature is above freezing and precipitation is adequate, cattle traffic can cause roughness, while reducing residue cover by working it into the soil. Even though grazing corn residue by cattle can increase the surface roughness, it has not yet caused any increase in bulk density measurements or any reduction in soybean yields. Penetration resistance ratios have shown some significant difference between grazed and ungrazed paddocks, but the reason is unclear

Effects of Corn Crop Residue Grazing on Soil Physical Properties and Subsequent Soybean Production in a Corn-Soybean Crop Rotation (A Progress Report)

The highest cost to beef cow-calf producers is the feeding of stored feeds in winter months. To lower feed costs, many producers will try to extend the grazing season into the winter. The primary resource for winter grazing in the Midwest is corn crop residues. On the average, corn crop residue grazing will reduce the amount of hay needed to maintain cows by approximately one-half ton per acre grazed over the winter. Although crop residue grazing is quite effective in reducing feed costs, some producers are concerned that corn residue grazing will have an adverse effect on soybean yields the following year resulting from soil compaction. It has already been proven that the use of large machinery will cause soil compaction in wet conditions and that it reduces corn grain yields from 6 to 10%

Mapping Regional Forest Evapotranspiration and Photosynthesis by Coupling Satellite Data with Ecosystem Simulation

Mapping Regional Forest Evapotranspiration and Photosynthesis by Coupling Satellite Data With Ecosystem Simulatio

Experimental determination of the surface density for the 6He exotic nucleus

Angular distributions for the elastic scattering of 4,6He on 58Ni have been measured at near-barrier energies. The present data, combined with others for the 4He158Ni system at intermediate energies, allowed the determination of the 4,6He ground-state nuclear densities through an unfolding method. The experimentally extracted nuclear densities are compared with the results of theoretical calculations